Types of business Organization.
Noocyada Ganacsiga ee haykalka.
Qoraalkaani wuxuu si kooban oo faham leh u sharxayaa noocyada ganacsiga ee jira (types of business organization). Waa qoraal si wanaagsan loo diyaariyey, si qofka akhrisanaya uu si fudud u fahmi karo. Waxaan diyaar u ahay in qoraalkaan lagu soo daro qaybaha kale ee faalladda la xiriirta, si loo dhammeystiro mawduuca.
- 1- Service Business. Ganacsi adeeg ah
Ganacsiga ku saleysan adeeggu, waxa uu bixiya badeecooyin aan muuqan oo aan la taaban karin (badeeco aan jir ahaan loo arki karin). Shirkadaha noocan ah waxay macaamiisha u fidiyaan xirfado, shaqo, aqoon, iyo adeegyo kale oo la mid ah, iyagoo beddelkeedna ka qaata lacag xirfadeed ama gunno ku saleysan hibada iyo kartida ay bixiyeen.
Tusaalooyin ka mid ah ganacsiyada adeegga:
Adeegyada ganacsi sida xisaab-xir (accounting),
latalin (advisory), canshuuro (taxation), xayeysiin (advertising), injineernimo
(engineering), adeeg sharci (legal), hay’adaha cilmi-baarista (research
agencies), iyo barnaamij sameyn kombiyuutar (computer programming).
Adeegyada shaqsiga sida dhar-dhaqid (laundry), goob
qurxin iyo timajarid (beauty salon), iyo sawir-qaadis (photography).
Adeegyada baabuurta sida dayactir (automotive
repairs), kirada gaadiidka (car rental), dhaqidda baabuurta (car wash), iyo
meelaha baarkin la dhigto (parking spaces).
Madadaalo iyo jimicsi sida goobaha jimicsiga (fitness
facilities), jardiinooyinka madadaalada (amusement parks), xarumaha kubbadda la
rogo (bowling centers), garoomada golf-ka (golf courses), iyo tiyaatarada
(theatres).
Caafimaad iyo waxbarasho sida isbitaallada iyo rugaha
caafimaadka (hospitals and clinics), iskuullada (schools), matxafyada
(museums), iyo bangiyada (banks).
Hoy iyo martigelin sida hoteellada iyo meelaha lagu
hoydo (hotel and lodging), iyo kuwo kale oo badan.
F.G. Tusaalooyinka aan kuu qoray dhammaantood waa service
businesses, sababtoo ah waxay bixiyaan adeegyo aan la taaban karin, halkii
ay ka iibin lahaayeen badeeco muuqata (tangible products).
2-Merchandising Business - Ganacsi badeeco ah
Ganacsiga badeeco iibinta (Merchandising Business) waa nooc
ganacsi oo alaab lagu soo iibsado qiime jumlo ah (wholesale price) kadibna lagu
iibiyo qiime tafaariiq ah (retail price). Waxaa badanaa loo yaqaannaa “buy and
sell” ama “reseller” maadaama shaqadiisu tahay soo iibinta iyo dib u iibinta.
Faa’iidada ganacsigaan waxay ka timaaddaa farqiga u dhexeeya qiimaha lagu soo
iibsaday iyo qiimaha lagu iibiyo. Shirkad ama ganacsi ku saleysan habkaan ma
beddelo qaabka ama isticmaalka alaabta uu soo iibsado; halkii, waxa uu alaabta
ka soo qaataa soo-saaraha ama jumlada, kadibna si toos ah ugu iibinayaa
macaamiisha.
Tusaalooyin ka mid ah Merchandising Businesses:
Department stores – dukaamo waaweyn oo qayb-qayb ah.
Grocery stores – dukaamada raashinka.
Hardware stores – dukaamada qalabka dhismaha iyo dayactirka.
Clothes and accessories shops – dukaamada dharka iyo agabka
la xidho.
Consumer electronics stores – dukaamada qalabka
elektarooniga ee macaamiisha.
Home furniture stores – dukaamada alaabta guriga.
Appliance stores – dukaamada qalabka guriga sida fridge,
microwave, iwm.
Drug stores – farmashiyeyaasha.
3-
Ganacsi Wax-soo-saar (Manufacturing
Business)
Si ka duwan merchandising business, ganacsiga wax-soo-saarku waxa uu alaab u soo iibsadaa si loogu isticmaalo raw materials (qalab ceeriin) loona sameeyo badeecad cusub. Tani waxay keentaa in alaabta la soo iibsaday loo beddelo qaab iyo adeegsi cusub.
Ganacsiga wax-soo-saarka waxa uu isku daraa raw
materials, shaqaale (labor), iyo kharashaadka maamulka iyo hawlgalka (overhead
costs) si uu u soo saaro badeecada ugu dambeysa. Alaabta la soo saaro kadib
waxa laga iibiyaa macaamiisha ama ganacsiyada kale.
Tusaalooyin ka mid ah Manufacturing Businesses:
Food processing – sida soo saarista hilib
qasacadaysan, cunto la qaboojiyey (frozen goods), caanaha iyo waxyaabaha laga
sameeyo (dairy products), cabitaannada dhalooyinka ku jira (bottled drinks),
sidoo kale rooti iyo keeg sameynta (bakeries), iyo warshadaha saliidda (oil
mills).
Fabric mills & textile production – wax soo saar
laga sameeyo suuf (cotton), dhogor (wool), ama polyester, iyo sidoo kale
warshadaha dharka (clothing factories) ee isticmaala dhar ceeriin.
Wood & metal works – sida sameynta armaajooyin
(cabinets), miisas (tables), kuraas (chairs).
Oil refineries, chemical labs – iyo soo saarista
caagagga (plastic) iyo caagaha adag (rubber).
Ship builders, aircraft manufacturers, car makers –
soo saarista maraakiibta, diyaaradaha, iyo gaadiidka.
Qoraalkaan waxaa diyaariyey agaasimaha keyd -Mudane Axmed Carab